Blackmail in the Digital Era as a Form of Modern Injustice: An Analysis of Victim Protection from an Islamic Legal Perspective
Keywords:
Digital Extortion, Cybercrime, Victim Protection, Islamic Law, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ahAbstract
The rapid development of information technology has led to the emergence of various forms of cybercrime, one of which is digital extortion that increasingly occurs through social media platforms. This type of crime not only causes material losses but also has serious psychological and reputational impacts on victims. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of digital extortion as a form of modern injustice, examine legal protection for victims under Indonesian positive law, and explore such protection from the perspective of Islamic law. This research employs an empirical legal method with a descriptive-prescriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis within the jurisdiction of the Regional Police of South Sulawesi. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by integrating empirical findings with the principles of Islamic law, particularly maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The results indicate that digital extortion is characterized by anonymity, borderless operation, and rapid dissemination potential, which places victims in a highly vulnerable position. Legal protection within the framework of positive law has been established through various regulations; however, its implementation remains suboptimal due to the lack of specific regulations, limited technical capacity of law enforcement officers, and socio-cultural barriers. From the perspective of Islamic law, digital extortion constitutes a form of injustice that violates the principles of protecting honor (ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ) and property (ḥifẓ al-māl). Therefore, a comprehensive reconstruction of legal protection is required by integrating the values of justice, public welfare, and victim recovery. This study recommends strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing the capacity of law enforcement agencies, and increasing public awareness as strategic efforts to establish effective and equitable legal protection in the digital era.
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